Understanding the core of curriculum development process: Needs analysis, design, and formulation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17509/curricula.v5i2.567Keywords:
curriculum design, curriculum development, curriculum resilience, digital humanismAbstract
The rapid evolution of digital technology and artificial intelligence has rendered traditional curricula obsolete, necessitating an adaptive systemic reconstruction. This study aims to dissect the fundamental phases of curriculum development through the triad of needs analysis, design, and formulation within the framework of digital humanism. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method was applied to 22 primary scientific articles sourced from the Scopus database (2019-2025), in strict adherence to PRISMA guidelines. Findings indicate that the effectiveness of curriculum development is determined by methodological rigor and the balance between systems engineering and universal human values. Responsive needs analysis based on real-time data, resilient backward-design strategies, and formulation processes that account for socio-technical dynamics are identified as absolute prerequisites for curriculum relevance. The study concludes that technology must be positioned as a support for human agency through a development model that integrates Total Quality Management (TQM) with principles of digital humanism. Practical implications underscore the critical need to strengthen teachers' capacity and autonomy as primary actors in curriculum formulation. This research provides a theoretical foundation for developing adaptive curriculum models that empower learners amid massive technological disruption.
Abstrak
Evolusi teknologi digital dan kecerdasan buatan yang cepat telah membuat kurikulum tradisional menjadi tidak relevan, sehingga diperlukan rekonstruksi sistemik yang adaptif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membedah fase-fase fundamental pengembangan kurikulum melalui triad analisis kebutuhan, desain, dan formulasi dalam kerangka humanisme digital. Metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) diterapkan terhadap 22 artikel ilmiah primer dari basis data Scopus (2019-2025) dengan merujuk secara ketat pada pedoman PRISMA. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas pengembangan kurikulum ditentukan oleh rigoritas metodologis serta keseimbangan antara rekayasa sistematis dan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan universal. Analisis kebutuhan yang responsif berbasis data real-time, strategi desain mundur yang resilien, serta proses formulasi yang mempertimbangkan dinamika sosio-teknis diidentifikasi sebagai prasyarat mutlak bagi relevansi kurikulum. Teknologi harus diposisikan sebagai pendukung agensi manusia melalui model pengembangan yang mengintegrasikan Total Quality Management (TQM) dengan prinsip-prinsip humanisme digital. Implikasi praktis menekankan pentingnya penguatan kapasitas dan otonomi pengajar sebagai aktor utama dalam proses formulasi kurikulum. Penelitian ini memberikan landasan teoretis bagi pengembangan model kurikulum adaptif yang mampu memberdayakan pembelajar di tengah disrupsi teknologi yang masif.
Kata Kunci: humanisme digital; pengembangan kurikulum; perancangan kurikulum; resiliensi kurikulum
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Copyright (c) 2026 Abdul Karim Suhadha, Cepi Riyana, Ahmad Fajar Fadlillah, Eva Puspitasari, Amir Hamzah
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