AI education infrastructure development strategy: readiness of senior or vocational high schools in West Manggarai Regency

Elisabet Oktaviani Hanggu; Ludgardis Deliman

doi:10.17509/curricula.v5i1.94404

Authors

Elisabet Oktaviani Hanggu Politeknik Elbajo Commodus
Ludgardis Deliman Politeknik Elbajo Commodus

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17509/curricula.v5i1.94404

Keywords:

artificial intelligence, educational infrastructure, secondary education, remote areas

Abstract

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought significant opportunities and challenges to the education sector, particularly in regions with limited infrastructure. This study aims to analyze the readiness of AI-supporting infrastructure in senior high schools and vocational schools (SMA/SMK) in West Manggarai Regency, focusing on the availability of facilities and infrastructure, the preparedness of human resources, and the challenges and strategies for AI implementation in education. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach and was conducted in six SMA/SMK located in Labuan Bajo city and Lembor District. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation, and were analyzed thematically using the Miles and Huberman model. The findings indicate a significant disparity in AI infrastructure readiness between schools in Labuan Bajo and those in Lembor District. Schools in Labuan Bajo demonstrate relatively adequate digital infrastructure, competent human resources, and strong institutional support. In contrast, schools in Lembor face limitations in digital facilities, internet access, and teachers' AI-related competencies. The study concludes that successful AI integration in education requires equitable infrastructure development, continuous teacher capacity building, supportive school leadership, and strong collaboration between government, schools, and higher education institutions.

Abstrak

Perkembangan pesat Artificial Intelligence (AI) menghadirkan peluang sekaligus tantangan dalam dunia pendidikan, khususnya di daerah dengan keterbatasan infrastruktur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesiapan infrastruktur pendukung AI di SMA/SMK Kabupaten Manggarai Barat dengan fokus pada ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana, kesiapan sumber daya manusia, serta tantangan dan strategi implementasi AI dalam pendidikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dan dilaksanakan di enam SMA/SMK yang berada di wilayah Kota Labuan Bajo dan Kecamatan Lembor. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan dokumentasi, yang dianalisis secara tematik menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan yang signifikan dalam kesiapan infrastruktur pendukung AI antara sekolah di Labuan Bajo dan sekolah di Kecamatan Lembor. Sekolah di Labuan Bajo memiliki infrastruktur digital yang relatif memadai, SDM yang lebih siap, serta dukungan kebijakan sekolah yang kuat, sedangkan sekolah di Lembor masih menghadapi keterbatasan fasilitas digital, akses internet, dan kompetensi guru terkait AI.

Kata Kunci: daerah terpencil; infrastruktur pendidikan; kecerdasan buatan; pendidikan menengah

References

Aghniya, N. A., & Tasuah, N. (2025). Analisis media pembelajaran AI terhadap kinerja guru raudhatul athfal: literature review. Murhum: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(2), 123-135.

Amori, A., Oktariani, I., Nurkhasanah, S., & Efelya, B. (2025). Analisis penggunaan artificial intelligence dalam meningkatkan minat belajar siswa di SMA Negeri 5 Kota Bengkulu. Qalam: Jurnal Ilmu Kependidikan, 14(1), 1-7.

Andini, S., Izzha, H., Rahma, A., & Faizin, M. (2024). Pengelolaan sarana dan prasarana pendidikan dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran pada peserta didik di era digital pada abad ke-21. Jurnal Manajemen dan Pendidikan Islam, 4(1), 53-62.

Arriola-Mendoza, J., & Valerio-Ureña, G. (2024). Essential elements for implementing AI tools in elementary school: a systematic literature review. Education Sciences, 14(12), 1-15.

Astuti, L., & Elmiati. (2025). Kurikulum merdeka berbasis AI: strategi deep learning untuk deteksi dini kesenjangan belajar dan intervensi tepat waktu di kelas rendah. Edu Research, 6(2), 1750-1762.

Chia, F. G., Siahaan, P. G., Purba, N. R., Situngkir, J. A., Tambunan, N. R., Harefa, C. J., Akza, N. S., & Dania, D. (2025). Analisis kesiapan infrastruktur pendidikan di SMA Negeri 2 Medan tinjauan kesejahteraan pendidikan. J-CEKI: Jurnal Cendekia Ilmiah, 5(1), 1542–1551.

Diantama, S. (2024). Pemanfaatan Artificial Intelegent (AI) dalam dunia pendidikan. Dewantech Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 2(1), 11-17.

Duan, H., & Zhao, W. (2024). The effects of educational artificial intelligence-powered applications on teachers’ perceived autonomy, professional development for online teaching, and digital burnout. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 25(3), 57-76.

Etiyasningsih, & Sundari, S. (2025). Strategi dan tantangan evaluasi pendidikan di era digital. Edusiana Jurnal Manajemen dan Pendidikan Islam, 12(1), 76-90.

Faraasyatul ’alam, G., Purnawirawan, O., Dwi Herlambang, A., Sofie, M., & Batita, R. (2025). National education policy: implementation of artificial intelligence in higher education. Journal of Smart Education and Learning, 2(1), 11-21.

Gayatri, A. (2025). Infrastructure readiness for blended learning education business in Indonesia after COVID-19. Jurnal Manajemen, Pariwisata dan Logistik, 11(2), 15-20.

Ghamrawi, N., Shal, T., & Ghamrawi, N. A. (2024). Exploring the impact of AI on teacher leadership: regressing or expanding?. Education and Information Technologies, 29(7), 8415-8433.

Hananto, A., Tukino, T., & Novalia, E. (2025). Klasterisasi kesiapan digital daerah: studi kasus indeks SPBE di Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Informatika dan Komunikasi, 5(1), 28-41.

Harahap, M. A. K., Mahardhani, A. J., & Murthada. (2025). Strategies for managing information technology infrastructure to improve education access in remote areas: a comprehensive approach to the challenges and solutions of education digitalization. Technology and Society Perspectives (TACIT), 3(1), 314-321.

Ikhsan, I., Husnaini, A. N., & Lopo, F. L. (2025). Strategies for implementing AI in LMS to improve the effectiveness and personalization of digital learning. The Journal of Academic Science, 2(3), 944-953.

Iswadi, I., & Iriansyah, H. S. (2025). Peran teknologi digital dalam meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan. Sulawesi Tenggara Educational Journal, 5(1), 493-497.

Khaira, H. S., Al Hafizh, M. F., Darmansyah, P. S. A., Nugraha, H., & Komara, D. A. (2023). Analysis of needs and teachers' perception towards business teaching materials at SMA Labschool UPI. Curricula: Journal of Curriculum Development, 2(2), 299-314.

Khodijah, K., & Setiawan, D. (2025). Manajemen sarana prasarana dalam pembelajaran digital pada pendidikan dasar. Social Science and Contemporary Issues Journal, 3(2), 86-92.

Nawati, I., Sadjiarto, A., & Rina, L. (2020). Kesiapan sarana prasarana dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan untuk menghadapi revolusi industri 4.0. JMSP (Jurnal Manajemen dan Supervisi Pendidikan), 5(1), 41-49.

Ng, D. T. K., Leung, J. K. L., Su, J., Ng, R. C. W., & Chu, S. K. W. (2023). Teachers’ AI digital competencies and twenty-first century skills in the post-pandemic world. Educational Technology Research and Development, 71(1), 137-161.

Nur, S. A. A., Noni, N. N., & Nur, M. S. (2025). Peran kecerdasan buatan dalam digitalisasi pendidikan: tinjauan sistematis terhadap tren dan tantangan. Journal of Indonesian Scholars for Social Research, 5(1), 29-33.

Nurhaliza, N. (2025). Integration of AI in education systems: addressing learning quality gaps in remote areas. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 1(1), 21-31.

Nwuke, T. J., & Yellowe, A. N. (2025). Utilization of artificial intelligence in school supervision for effective administration in public secondary schools in Rivers State, Nigeria. International Journal of Educational Management, Rivers State University, 1(1), 318-334.

Priandani, A. P., Hernawan, A. H., Dewi, L., Emilzoli, M., & Rullyana, G. (2025). Artificial Intelligence (AI) trends in higher education learning: bibliometric analysis. Curricula: Journal of Curriculum Development, 4(1), 609-632.

Purnomo, W., Nugroho, P. J., Huda, I. N., Widodo, P., Siboro, M., & Pebriani, D. (2025). Manajemen kesiapan kepala sekolah terhadap implementasi koding dan AI sebagai mata pelajaran di SMP IT Al-Ghazali Palangka Raya. Bitnet: Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Informasi, 10(3), 51-61.

Putri, N. A., Lafena, H. ’Izza, Apriyanti, A., Zachrani, V. N. W., Ummah, F. S., Zahro, U. A., & Adawiyah, R. (2025). Membedah persepsi guru SD tentang penggunaan artificial intelligence dan coding sebagai inovasi pembelajaran abad 21 dalam kurikulum merdeka. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, 13(4), 948-959.

Rohana. (2023). Manajemen kelas berbasis artificial intelligence: tinjauan literatur terhadap peluang dan tantangan di pendidikan dasar. Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum, 1(2), 102-110.

Rosyiddin, A. A. Z., Fiqih, A., Nugraha, H., Hadiapurwa, A., & Komara, D. A. (2023). The effect of interactive PowerPoint media design on student learning interests. Edcomtech: Jurnal Kajian Teknologi Pendidikan, 8(1), 12-24.

Setiyawan, A., Soeharto, S., Wijaya, T. T., Korenova, L., & Lavicza, Z. (2025). Measuring teachers’ competencies for AI integration: development and validation of the AI-TPACK in vocational education. Computers and Education Open, 9(12), 1-11.

Solikhah, M., & Komarudin, K. (2025). Integrating generative AI to in national education system: framework work for implementation ethics in developing countries. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 1(2), 63-69.

Subroto, D. E., Supriandi, S., Wirawan, R., & Rukmana, A. Y. (2023). Implementasi teknologi dalam pembelajaran di era digital: tantangan dan peluang bagi dunia pendidikan di Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan West Science, 1(7), 473-480.

Susanti, L. Y., Rahmadita, S. N., & Ayuningtyas, F. N. (2025). Kesenjangan digital dan pemanfaatan AI sebagai tantangan pendidikan bagi generasi milenial di era Society 5.0. Jurnal Pendidikan IPS, 15(4), 1284-1292.

Ulpiana, T. (2025). Penerapan kecerdasan buatan dalam teknologi pendidikan: tren dan inovasi terbaru. Al-Kamal: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Technology, 1(1), 10-27.

Yuna, J., Minho, K., Jiwon, H., Jiwon, L., & Author, C. (2025). The role of the teacher as a facilitator in project-based learning with AI support. Al-Hijr: Journal of Adulearn World, 4(1), 36-46.

Zainuddin, M. A., Wulandari, R., & Putri, R. E. (2025). Exploration of opportunities and challenges in implementing AI-driven tutoring system in 3T area schools: an empirical study in Eastern Indonesia Regions. Education: Jurnal Sosial Humaniora dan Pendidikan, 5(1), 10-26.