Analysis of reading difficulties of grade II students at SD Negeri Jakarta Timur

Abstract

Reading ability is a fundamental skill that plays an important role in learning success in elementary school. However, in practice, some students still experience reading difficulties, particularly in the lower grades. This study aims to analyze the types of reading difficulties, the contributing factors, and the teachers’ efforts to overcome reading difficulties among second-grade students at SD Negeri Jakarta Timur. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques included reading ability tests, observation, and documentation. The results showed that of 32 students, 26 were categorized as having good reading ability, while 6 were categorized as having low or very low reading ability. The reading difficulties identified included spelling difficulties, difficulty pronouncing and recognizing letters, letter substitution, insufficient attention to punctuation, poor memory retention, and long-distance vision problems. The factors influencing reading difficulties were internal student factors, learning materials, and the lack of parental assistance at home. Teachers’ efforts to address these difficulties included providing additional learning time, utilizing instructional media, giving motivation and appreciation, and fostering collaboration between teachers and parents. 

Abstrak

Kemampuan membaca merupakan keterampilan dasar yang berperan penting dalam keberhasilan pembelajaran di sekolah dasar. Namun, pada kenyataannya masih terdapat murid yang mengalami kesulitan membaca, khususnya pada kelas rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk kesulitan membaca, faktor penyebab, serta upaya guru dalam mengatasi kesulitan membaca murid kelas II di SD Negeri Jakarta Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi tes kemampuan membaca, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 32 murid, sebanyak 26 murid berada pada kategori baik, sedangkan 6 murid berada pada kategori kurang dan sangat kurang. Kesulitan membaca yang dialami meliputi kesulitan mengeja, mengucapkan dan mengenali huruf, mengganti huruf, kurang memperhatikan tanda baca, daya ingat yang rendah, serta gangguan penglihatan jarak jauh. Faktor penyebab kesulitan membaca berasal dari faktor internal murid, materi pembelajaran, serta kurangnya pendampingan orang tua di rumah. Upaya guru dalam mengatasi kesulitan tersebut dilakukan melalui pemberian jam tambahan, penggunaan media pembelajaran, pemberian motivasi dan apresiasi, serta kerja sama antara guru dan orang tua.

Kata Kunci: kemampuan membaca; strategi membaca; murid sekolah dasar