Solar-powered rainwater harvesting system with ultrafiltration in Pulau Panjang Village

Niko Abdian; Nourma Andriany Utami; Tubagus Febrian Fajar Purnama; Adzka Ratu Annisa; Ratu Majidah Qonitah; Tatu Nelis Widiyani; Muhammad Islam Abdurrazaq Shiddiq Marpaung; Muhamad Paqih Ziaulhaq; Arwati Arwati; Rafif Anggaraksa Rusvi; Ismia Putri

doi:10.17509/dedicated.v4i1.606

Authors

Niko Abdian Pemerintah Kabupaten Serang
Nourma Andriany Utami Pemerintah Kabupaten Serang
Tubagus Febrian Fajar Purnama Komunitas Satu Banten
Adzka Ratu Annisa Komunitas Satu Banten
Ratu Majidah Qonitah Komunitas Satu Banten
Tatu Nelis Widiyani Komunitas Satu Banten
Muhammad Islam Abdurrazaq Shiddiq Marpaung Komunitas Satu Banten
Muhamad Paqih Ziaulhaq Komunitas Satu Banten , Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Arwati Komunitas Satu Banten
Rafif Anggaraksa Rusvi Komunitas Satu Banten
Ismia Putri Komunitas Satu Banten

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17509/dedicated.v4i1.606

Keywords:

rainwater harvesting, solar energy, ultrafiltration

Abstract

Pulau Panjang Village in Puloampel Sub-district, Serang Regency, is an island community facing serious limitations in accessing clean water. Dependence on shallow groundwater vulnerable to saltwater intrusion, combined with the absence of an adequate piped water network, makes this area a priority for appropriate technology interventions. This community service activity implements Jaringan Air Warga Ramah Lingkungan Sistem Terpadu (JAWARA SISTEM), a rainwater-harvesting system based on ultrafiltration and ultraviolet (UV) sterilization, integrated with a solar panel as an off-grid energy source. Implementation employs a Theory of Change (ToC) framework that systematically maps inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes. The system was installed at the Village Health Post (Poskesdes) of Pulau Panjang in January 2026 after institutional coordination, field surveys, technical design, and community socialization. The results show that the system produces 50 to 100 liters of water per day off-grid, with water quality verified by the Banten Provincial Laboratory and found to comply with Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 2 Tahun 2023. This system initially serves five households in the community surrounding the village health post. This activity demonstrates that integrating rainwater harvesting technology, renewable energy, and structured community engagement provides a replicable model for coastal and small island areas facing similar challenges.

Abstrak

Desa Pulau Panjang, Kecamatan Puloampel, Kabupaten Serang merupakan wilayah kepulauan yang menghadapi keterbatasan serius dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan air bersih. Ketergantungan masyarakat terhadap air tanah dangkal yang rentan intrusi air laut, serta tidak tersedianya jaringan perpipaan yang memadai, menjadikan wilayah ini prioritas intervensi teknologi tepat guna. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini mengimplementasikan Jaringan Air Warga Ramah Lingkungan Sistem Terpadu (JAWARA SISTEM), yaitu sistem pemanen air hujan berbasis ultrafiltrasi dan sterilisasi ultraviolet yang diintegrasikan dengan panel surya sebagai sumber energi mandiri. Pelaksanaan menggunakan kerangka Theory of Change (ToC) yang memetakan rangkaian input, aktivitas, output, dan outcome secara sistematis. Sistem dipasang di Pos Kesehatan Desa (Poskesdes) Pulau Panjang pada Januari 2026 setelah melalui tahap koordinasi kelembagaan, survei lapangan, perancangan teknis, dan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat. Hasil implementasi menunjukkan bahwa sistem mampu memproduksi 50 sampai dengan 100 liter air per hari secara off-grid, dengan kualitas air yang telah diuji oleh laboratorium Provinsi Banten dan memenuhi standar Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 2 Tahun 2023. Sistem ini melayani lima kepala keluarga warga sekitar Poskesdes sebagai pengguna awal. Kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa integrasi teknologi pemanenan air hujan, energi terbarukan, dan pendampingan komunitas yang terstruktur dapat menjadi model replikasi untuk wilayah pesisir dan pulau kecil yang menghadapi tantangan serupa.

Kata Kunci: energi surya; pemanenan air hujan; ultrafiltrasi

References

Bray, R. T., Jankowska, K., Kulbat, E., Łuczkiewicz, A., & Sokołowska, A. (2021). Ultrafiltration process in disinfection and advanced treatment of tertiary treated wastewater. Membranes, 11(3), 1-18.

Campisano, A., Butler, D., Ward, S., Burns, M. J., Friedler, E., DeBusk, K., ... & Han, M. (2017). Urban rainwater harvesting systems: Research, implementation and future perspectives. Water Research, 115(1), 195-209.

Daud, A. M. M., Rahmat, S. N., Madun, A., & Mustapa, M. S. (2021). Rainwater harvesting for potential potable and non-potable water production. i-Tech Mag, 3(1), 55-58.

Evantri, D., Purwanto, M. Y. J., Waspodo, R. S. B., & Pandjaitan, N. H. (2021). Panen air hujan sebagai sumber air bersih alternatif di wilayah DAS Bekasi Hulu. Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian (JTEP), 9(2), 73-78.

Gwenzi, W., Dunjana, N., Pisa, C., Tauro, T., & Nyamadzawo, G. (2017). Water quality and public health risks associated with roof rainwater harvesting systems for potable supply: Review and perspectives. Sustainability of Water Quality and Ecology, 6(1), 107-119.

Hasibuan, H. S., Elizandri, B. N., Asrofani, F. W., & Putra, G. A. Y. (2025). Potential application of rain water harvesting technology as an alternative clean water source to mitigate land subsidence. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 11(1), 277-294.

Hendrawan, D. I., Fachrul, M. F., Herika, H., Yana, A. A. I. A. N., Azzahra, S., & Saputra, F. D. (2023). Pengelolaan air dengan rain water harvesting dan pengelolaan air bekas wudhu di lingkungan masjid untuk mendukung konsep eco-masjid. Juara: Jurnal Wahana Abdimas Sejahtera, 4(2), 125-135.

Hijnen, W. A. M., Beerendonk, E. F., & Medema, G. J. (2006). Inactivation credit of UV radiation for viruses, bacteria and protozoan (oo)cysts in water: A review. Water Research, 40(1), 3-22.

Huang, H., Schwab, K., & Jacangelo, J. G. (2009). Pretreatment for low pressure membranes in water treatment: A review. Environmental Science & Technology, 43(9), 3011-3019.

Irianti, M., Novianti, W., Ma’ruf, Z., Fauza, N., Sinaga, A. H., Hidayah, R., & Burhan, D. F. (2025). Design Innovation of a Solar-Powered Seawater Purification Device to Support Science Learning in Coastal Areas. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(11), 1006-1020.

Juliana, I. C., Gunawan, T. A., Nurjannah, S. A., & Ho, E. (2023). Analisis tarif air PDAM untuk kelayakan penerapan sistem pemanenan air hujan pada skala rumah tangga. Cantilever: Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Bidang Teknik Sipil, 11(2), 111-121.

Juliarti, A. T., Desiana, F. A., & Gibran, K. (2024). Empowering Sukadami village youth group with UPI thematic KKN based on partnership. Dedicated: Journal of Community Services (Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat), 2(2), 323-332.

Kabir, K. M., Matin, M. A., & Amin, N. (2025). An investigation of solar photovoltaic systems for potable water and lighting in socially and economically disadvantaged coastal regions. Energy Nexus, 17(1), 1-10.

Ketabchi, H., Mahmoodzadeh, D., Ataie-Ashtiani, B., & Simmons, C. T. (2016). Sea-level rise impacts on seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers: Review and integration. Journal of Hydrology, 535(3), 235-255.

Khurun'in, I., Simarmata, D. P., & Yudilastiantoro, C. (2024). Community-led initiatives for water resource management in Sumenep Regency, Indonesia. Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management (JPSL), 14(4), 675-683.

Kumasi, T. C., Agbemor, B. D., & Burr, P. (2022). Rethinking sustainable rural water service delivery in Ghana: Review of the community ownership and management model. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 8(5), 1-10.

Mayne, J. (2017). Theory of change analysis: Building robust theories of change. Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation, 32(2), 155-173.

Mbarep, D. P. P., Apelabi, G. O., Bolly, Y. Y., & Nurhidayat, A. (2022). The potency of obtained clean water from rainwater harvesting in Sikka District. Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management (JPSL), 12(2), 237-245.

Nurshavira, V., Malik, R., & Anwar, S. (2024). Community service through toddlers' mentoring Posyandu in Cihanjuang Village. Dedicated: Journal of Community Services (Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat), 2(2), 345-356.

Onda, K., LoBuglio, J., & Bartram, J. (2012). Global access to safe water: Accounting for water quality and the resulting impact on MDG progress. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9(3), 880-894.

Pickering, A. J., Null, C., Winch, P. J., Mangwadu, G., Arnold, B. F., Prendergast, A. J., ... & Humphrey, J. H. (2019). The WASH Benefits and SHINE trials: Interpretation of WASH intervention effects on linear growth and diarrhoea. The Lancet Global Health, 7(8), 1139-1146.

Qadafi, M., Wulan, D. R., Notodarmojo, S., & Zevi, Y. (2023). Characteristics and treatment methods for peat water as clean water sources: A mini review. Water Cycle, 4(1), 60-69.

Rahmani, S., Murayama, T., & Nishikizawa, S. (2022). Socio-economic impact of a solar water pumping system in a rural community in Indonesia. Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, 10(3), 1-18.

Rumbayan, M., Kindangen, J., Sambul, A., Sompie, S., & Cross, J. (2025). Solar energy implementation in rural communities and its contributions to SDGs: A systematic literature review. Unconventional Resources, 6(1), 1-13.

Rumbayan, M., Pundoko, I., Sompie, S. R. U., & Ruindungan, D. G. S. (2025). Integration of smart water management and photovoltaic pumping system to supply domestic water for rural communities. Results in Engineering, 25(1), 1-14.

Saputro, S. A., Prihantoko, K. E., Saputra, R. Z., Adat, R. A., & Zanjabila, N. M. (2025). Fishermen empowerment and marine conservation based on TURING in tackling ghost fishing. Dedicated: Journal of Community Services (Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat), 3(1), 299-312.

Satria, E., & Dewi, A. P. S. (2026). Persiapan perancangan sistem Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) di Desa Banyu Urip, Kecamatan Tanjung Lago, Kabupaten Banyuasin sebagai upaya penyimpanan cadangan air bersih pada musim kemarau. Rang Teknik Journal, 9(1), 252-259.

Shoshaa, R., Ashfaq, M. Y., & Al-Ghouti, M. A. (2023). Recent developments in ultrafiltration membrane technology for the removal of potentially toxic elements, and enhanced antifouling performance: A review. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 31(1), 1-20.

Suprapti, S., Kusuma, M. S. B., Kardhana, H., Cahyono, M., & Juliana, I. C. (2025). Communal-based domestic rainwater harvesting system: A novel approach to alternative solutions for increasing water supply and recharging groundwater in Jagakarsa urban area, South Jakarta. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 11(1), 1-12.

Vivar, M., Fuentes, M., Pichel, N., López-Vargas, A., Rodrigo, M. J., & Srithar, K. (2020). Photovoltaic and solar disinfection technology meeting the needs of water and electricity of a typical household in developing countries: From a Solar Home System to a full-functional hybrid system. Science of The Total Environment, 747(1), 1-10.

Wang, F., Xu, J., Liu, L., Yin, G., Wang, J., & Yan, J. (2021). Optimal design and operation of hybrid renewable energy system for drinking water treatment. Energy, 219(10), 1-13.

Wibowo, A. I., & Chang, K.-C. (2020). Solar energy-based water treatment system applicable to the remote areas: Case of Indonesia. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 10(2), 347-360.

Wigati, R., Mina, E., Kusuma, R. I., Kuncoro, H. B. B., Ulfa, A., & Sabri, F. (2022). Implementasi pemanenan air hujan (rainwater harvesting) pada masa pandemi COVID-19 di Kota Serang. Dharmakarya: Jurnal Aplikasi Ipteks untuk Masyarakat, 11(1), 1-7.

Wiharja, R. N., Fadlillah, A. P., & Anwar, S. (2025). Evaluation of Cihanjuang Village environmental cleanliness to realize an environmentally friendly village in a community service program. Dedicated: Journal of Community Services (Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat), 3(1), 201-210.

Yuliwati, E., Rahayu, E. A., Yuniar, H., & Elfidia. (2023). Variasi sinar ultraviolet pada sistem membran ultrafiltrasi untuk pengolahan air gambut. Jurnal Inovator, 6(1), 12-17.

Yuliyanti, E., Lestari, F. D., Ramayanti, D., & Ajrullah. (2025). Pelatihan rain water harvesting: Teknik pemanfaatan air hujan sebagai sumber air bersih. Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, 5(2), 379-387.